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給排水閥門、管道(dao)施(shi)工禁忌及措施(shi)
發表時間:2022-02-19     閱讀次數:     字體:【

禁(jin)忌1: 施工(gong)使(shi)用的(de)主要材(cai)料(liao)、設備及制品(pin),缺少符合國家(jia)或部頒(ban)(ban)現(xian)行(xing)標準(zhun)的(de)技(ji)術質量鑒定文件或產(chan)品(pin)合格證(zheng)(zheng)。后果: 工(gong)程質量不(bu)合格,存在(zai)事故隱(yin)患,不(bu)能(neng)按期交付使(shi)用,必須返工(gong)修(xiu)理;造成(cheng)工(gong)期拖延(yan),人工(gong)和(he)物(wu)資(zi)投(tou)入增加。措施: 給排水及暖衛工(gong)程所使(shi)用的(de)主要材(cai)料(liao)、設備及制品(pin),應有符合國家(jia)或部頒(ban)(ban)發現(xian)行(xing)標準(zhun)的(de)技(ji)術質量鑒定文件或產(chan)品(pin)合格證(zheng)(zheng);應標明其產(chan)品(pin)名稱、型號、規格、國家(jia)質量標準(zhun)代號、出廠日期、生產(chan)廠家(jia)名稱及地點(dian)、出廠產(chan)品(pin)檢驗證(zheng)(zheng)明或代號。

禁忌(ji)2: 閥(fa)門安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)前不(bu)按(an)規(gui)定(ding)進行必要(yao)的質(zhi)量(liang)檢驗(yan)。后果 :系統(tong)運行中閥(fa)門開關不(bu)靈(ling)活,關閉不(bu)嚴(yan)及(ji)出現漏水(汽(qi))的現象,造成返工(gong)修(xiu)理,甚至影響正常(chang)供水(汽(qi))。措施(shi): 閥(fa)門安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)前,應(ying)做耐壓強度(du)和(he)嚴(yan)密性試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)。試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)應(ying)以每批(同牌號(hao)、同規(gui)格、同型(xing)號(hao))數量(liang)中抽查10%,且不(bu)少于一個。對于安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在(zai)主干(gan)管上起切斷作用(yong)的閉路閥(fa)門,應(ying)逐個作強度(du)和(he)嚴(yan)密性試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)。閥(fa)門強度(du)和(he)嚴(yan)密性試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)壓力(li)應(ying)符合《建筑給排水及(ji)采暖工(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)驗(yan)收規(gui)范》(GB 50242-2002)規(gui)定(ding)。

禁忌3 :安(an)裝閥(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規格、型(xing)號不(bu)符合設計(ji)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求。例如閥(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)稱(cheng)壓(ya)力(li)小(xiao)于(yu)系統(tong)(tong)試驗壓(ya)力(li);給水(shui)支管(guan)當管(guan)徑小(xiao)于(yu)或(huo)等(deng)于(yu)50mm時采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)閘閥(fa)(fa);熱(re)水(shui)采(cai)暖(nuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)干(gan)、立管(guan)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)截(jie)止(zhi)閥(fa)(fa);消防水(shui)泵(beng)吸(xi)(xi)水(shui)管(guan)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)蝶(die)閥(fa)(fa)。后果 :影響閥(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)正常開閉及(ji)調(diao)節阻力(li)、壓(ya)力(li)等(deng)功能(neng)。甚至造成系統(tong)(tong)運行中,閥(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)損壞被迫修理(li)。措施 :熟悉各類閥(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)范圍,按(an)設計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求選擇(ze)閥(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規格和型(xing)號。閥(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)稱(cheng)壓(ya)力(li)要(yao)(yao)(yao)滿足系統(tong)(tong)試驗壓(ya)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求。按(an)施工規范要(yao)(yao)(yao)求:給水(shui)支管(guan)管(guan)徑小(xiao)于(yu)或(huo)等(deng)于(yu)50mm應(ying)(ying)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)截(jie)止(zhi)閥(fa)(fa);當管(guan)徑大于(yu)50mm應(ying)(ying)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)閘閥(fa)(fa)。熱(re)水(shui)采(cai)暖(nuan)干(gan)、立控制閥(fa)(fa)應(ying)(ying)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)閘閥(fa)(fa),消防水(shui)泵(beng)吸(xi)(xi)水(shui)管(guan)不(bu)應(ying)(ying)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)蝶(die)閥(fa)(fa)。

禁忌4 :閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)方法(fa)錯(cuo)誤。例如(ru)截止(zhi)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)或止(zhi)回閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)水(shui)(汽(qi))流向(xiang)與(yu)標志相反,閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)桿(gan)(gan)朝下(xia)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang),水(shui)平(ping)(ping)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)的止(zhi)回閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)采取垂直安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang),明(ming)桿(gan)(gan)閘閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)或蝶閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)手柄沒(mei)有開(kai)、閉空(kong)(kong)間,暗(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門的閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)桿(gan)(gan)不(bu)朝向(xiang)檢查門。后果:閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門失靈,開(kai)關檢修困難(nan),閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)桿(gan)(gan)朝下(xia)往(wang)往(wang)造成漏水(shui)。措施:嚴格按閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)說(shuo)明(ming)書進行安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang),明(ming)桿(gan)(gan)閘閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)留足閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)桿(gan)(gan)伸(shen)長開(kai)啟高度,蝶閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)充分考慮手柄轉動(dong)空(kong)(kong)間,各種閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門桿(gan)(gan)不(bu)能(neng)低于水(shui)平(ping)(ping)位置(zhi),更不(bu)能(neng)向(xiang)下(xia)。暗(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門不(bu)但要設置(zhi)滿足閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門開(kai)閉需要的檢查門,同(tong)時閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)桿(gan)(gan)應朝向(xiang)檢查門。

禁忌(ji)5 :蝶(die)(die)(die)閥(fa)法(fa)蘭(lan)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)用普(pu)通閥(fa)門(men)(men)法(fa)蘭(lan)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)。后果: 蝶(die)(die)(die)閥(fa)法(fa)蘭(lan)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)與普(pu)通閥(fa)門(men)(men)法(fa)蘭(lan)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)尺(chi)寸大小不一,有的法(fa)蘭(lan)內徑小,而蝶(die)(die)(die)閥(fa)的閥(fa)瓣大,造成(cheng)打不開(kai)或硬性打開(kai)而使(shi)閥(fa)門(men)(men)損(sun)壞。措施: 要按照蝶(die)(die)(die)閥(fa)法(fa)蘭(lan)的實際(ji)尺(chi)寸加工(gong)法(fa)蘭(lan)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)。

禁忌6 :建筑(zhu)結構施(shi)工(gong)中沒有預(yu)(yu)留孔(kong)洞(dong)和(he)(he)(he)預(yu)(yu)埋件(jian)(jian),或預(yu)(yu)留孔(kong)洞(dong)尺寸偏(pian)小和(he)(he)(he)預(yu)(yu)埋件(jian)(jian)沒做標記。后(hou)果:暖衛(wei)(wei)工(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)中,剔鑿(zao)建筑(zhu)結構,甚至切斷(duan)受力鋼筋,影響(xiang)建筑(zhu)物安(an)全(quan)性能。措施(shi):認(ren)真(zhen)熟悉暖衛(wei)(wei)工(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)圖紙,根(gen)據管道及支吊架安(an)裝的需要(yao),主(zhu)動(dong)認(ren)真(zhen)配合(he)建筑(zhu)結構施(shi)工(gong)預(yu)(yu)留孔(kong)洞(dong)和(he)(he)(he)預(yu)(yu)埋件(jian)(jian),具體參照設計要(yao)求和(he)(he)(he)施(shi)工(gong)規范規定(ding)。

禁忌7:管(guan)(guan)道焊(han)接(jie)時,對(dui)口(kou)后(hou)管(guan)(guan)子(zi)錯(cuo)口(kou)不(bu)在一(yi)(yi)個中心線(xian)(xian)上,對(dui)口(kou)不(bu)留(liu)間(jian)隙(xi),厚壁管(guan)(guan)不(bu)鏟坡口(kou),焊(han)縫的(de)寬(kuan)(kuan)度(du)(du)、高(gao)度(du)(du)不(bu)符合(he)施工規(gui)范(fan)(fan)要(yao)求。后(hou)果:管(guan)(guan)子(zi)錯(cuo)口(kou)不(bu)在一(yi)(yi)中心線(xian)(xian)直接(jie)影響焊(han)接(jie)質量(liang)及觀感質量(liang)。對(dui)口(kou)不(bu)留(liu)間(jian)隙(xi),厚壁管(guan)(guan)不(bu)鏟坡口(kou),焊(han)縫的(de)寬(kuan)(kuan)度(du)(du)、高(gao)度(du)(du)不(bu)符合(he)要(yao)求時焊(han)接(jie)達不(bu)到強(qiang)度(du)(du)的(de)要(yao)求。措施:焊(han)接(jie)管(guan)(guan)道對(dui)口(kou)后(hou),管(guan)(guan)子(zi)不(bu)能錯(cuo)口(kou),要(yao)在一(yi)(yi)個中心線(xian)(xian)上,對(dui)口(kou)應(ying)留(liu)間(jian)隙(xi),厚壁管(guan)(guan)要(yao)鏟坡口(kou),另(ling)外(wai)焊(han)縫的(de)寬(kuan)(kuan)度(du)(du)、高(gao)度(du)(du)應(ying)按照規(gui)范(fan)(fan)要(yao)求焊(han)接(jie)。

禁忌8: 管道直接(jie)埋設在凍土(tu)和沒有處理(li)(li)的松土(tu)上,管道支(zhi)墩(dun)間距(ju)和位(wei)置不當,甚至(zhi)采用(yong)(yong)干碼磚形式。后果:管道由于支(zhi)承不穩固,在回(hui)填土(tu)夯實過程中(zhong)遭受損壞(huai),造(zao)成返工(gong)修理(li)(li)。措施:管道不得(de)埋設在凍土(tu)和沒有處理(li)(li)的松土(tu)上,支(zhi)墩(dun)間距(ju)要(yao)符合施工(gong)規范(fan)要(yao)求,支(zhi)墊要(yao)牢(lao)靠,特別是(shi)管道接(jie)口處,不應承受剪切力。磚支(zhi)墩(dun)要(yao)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)泥沙漿砌筑,保證(zheng)完整、牢(lao)固。

禁(jin)忌9: 固定管(guan)(guan)道(dao)支(zhi)架的(de)膨(peng)脹(zhang)螺(luo)栓材質(zhi)低劣,安(an)裝(zhuang)膨(peng)脹(zhang)螺(luo)栓的(de)孔徑過大或者膨(peng)脹(zhang)螺(luo)栓安(an)裝(zhuang)在磚墻(qiang)甚至輕質(zhi)墻(qiang)體上(shang)。后果: 管(guan)(guan)道(dao)支(zhi)架松動,管(guan)(guan)道(dao)發生變(bian)形,甚至脫落。措施: 膨(peng)脹(zhang)螺(luo)栓必須選擇合格的(de)產(chan)品(pin),必要時應(ying)抽樣(yang)進行試驗檢查,安(an)裝(zhuang)膨(peng)脹(zhang)螺(luo)栓的(de)孔徑不(bu)應(ying)大于膨(peng)脹(zhang)螺(luo)栓外徑2mm,膨(peng)脹(zhang)螺(luo)栓應(ying)用于混凝土結構上(shang)。

禁忌10: 管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道連(lian)(lian)接(jie)的(de)(de)法蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)盤(pan)及襯(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)強度不(bu)(bu)夠,連(lian)(lian)接(jie)螺栓短或(huo)直(zhi)(zhi)徑細。熱(re)力管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道使(shi)用(yong)(yong)橡(xiang)膠墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),冷水管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道使(shi)用(yong)(yong)石(shi)棉(mian)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),以及采用(yong)(yong)雙層墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或(huo)斜面(mian)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),法蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)襯(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)突(tu)(tu)人(ren)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內。后果: 法蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)盤(pan)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)處不(bu)(bu)嚴密(mi),甚至損壞,出現滲漏現象。法蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)襯(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)突(tu)(tu)入(ru)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內,會增(zeng)加水流阻力。措施(shi): 管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道用(yong)(yong)法蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)盤(pan)及襯(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)必須滿足管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道設計工作壓力的(de)(de)要(yao)求。采暖和熱(re)水供應管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道的(de)(de)法蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)襯(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),宜采用(yong)(yong)橡(xiang)膠石(shi)棉(mian)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian);給排水管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道的(de)(de)法蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)襯(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),宜采用(yong)(yong)橡(xiang)膠墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。法蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)襯(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)(bu)得突(tu)(tu)入(ru)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內,其外圓到法蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)螺栓孔為(wei)宜。法蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)中間(jian)不(bu)(bu)得放置斜面(mian)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或(huo)幾個襯(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),連(lian)(lian)接(jie)法蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)螺栓直(zhi)(zhi)徑比法蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)盤(pan)孔徑宜小于2mm,螺栓桿突(tu)(tu)出螺母長度宜為(wei)螺母厚度的(de)(de)1/2。

禁忌11: 管道(dao)系統(tong)水壓(ya)強(qiang)度試驗和(he)(he)嚴密(mi)性試驗時(shi),僅觀(guan)察壓(ya)力值和(he)(he)水位變(bian)化(hua),對滲(shen)漏(lou)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)不夠。后果(guo): 管道(dao)系統(tong)運行(xing)后發生(sheng)滲(shen)漏(lou)現象,影響正常使用。措(cuo)施: 管道(dao)系統(tong)依據設計要(yao)求和(he)(he)施工規范(fan)規定(ding)進行(xing)試驗時(shi),除在規定(ding)時(shi)間內記錄壓(ya)力值或(huo)水位變(bian)化(hua),特別要(yao)仔(zi)細檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)是(shi)否存在滲(shen)漏(lou)問(wen)題。

禁(jin)忌12: 污水(shui)(shui)(shui)、雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)、冷凝(ning)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)不(bu)做閉水(shui)(shui)(shui)試驗便做隱蔽(bi)。后果: 可(ke)能造成漏水(shui)(shui)(shui),并(bing)造成用戶(hu)損(sun)失。措施: 閉水(shui)(shui)(shui)試驗工作(zuo)應嚴格按規范檢查驗收。地下埋設、吊頂(ding)內、管(guan)子間等(deng)暗裝污水(shui)(shui)(shui)、雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)、冷凝(ning)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)等(deng)要達到(dao)確(que)保不(bu)滲不(bu)漏。

禁忌13: 管(guan)道(dao)系統竣工前沖洗不(bu)認真,流量和速(su)度(du)達不(bu)到管(guan)道(dao)沖洗要求(qiu)(qiu)。甚至以(yi)水(shui)壓強度(du)試驗(yan)泄水(shui)代替沖洗。后果: 水(shui)質(zhi)達不(bu)到管(guan)道(dao)系統運行(xing)要求(qiu)(qiu),往往還(huan)會造成(cheng)管(guan)道(dao)截面減少或堵(du)塞。措施(shi): 用系統內(nei)最大(da)設(she)汁流量或不(bu)應(ying)小(xiao)于(yu)3m/s的水(shui)流速(su)度(du)進行(xing)沖洗。應(ying)以(yi)排出口水(shui)色(se)、透明度(du)與入(ru)口水(shui)的水(shui)色(se)、透明度(du)目測一致為合(he)格。

禁忌14: 冬(dong)(dong)期施(shi)(shi)工(gong)在(zai)負溫度(du)下(xia)(xia)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)。后(hou)果(guo):由于(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)時管(guan)內很快結冰,使管(guan)凍壞。措施(shi)(shi):盡量在(zai)冬(dong)(dong)施(shi)(shi)前進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan),并且試(shi)壓(ya)后(hou)要將水(shui)(shui)吹凈(jing),特(te)別(bie)是(shi)閥門(men)內的水(shui)(shui)必須清除于(yu)(yu)凈(jing),否則(ze)閥門(men)將會凍裂。工(gong)程必須在(zai)冬(dong)(dong)季進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)時,要保持室內正溫度(du)下(xia)(xia)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing),試(shi)壓(ya)后(hou)要將水(shui)(shui)吹凈(jing)。在(zai)不能進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)時,可(ke)用壓(ya)縮空氣(qi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)試(shi)驗(yan)。

 
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